What are the reader’s first impressions of the Woman in Black?

?What are the reader’s first impressions of the Woman in Black? The first description of the Woman in Black raises a lot of questions for the reader to think about. The fact that she is described as being ‘Dressed in deepest black†¦that had rather gone out of fashion’ suggests that the woman is out of place in the time period as well as at a funeral. This links to how the other funeral attendants cannot see her. The fact that she is a woman and described as being dressed in ‘black’ links to the title of this novel which gets the reader wondering if she is the Woman in Black.Secondly, her cloths are described as ‘a little rusty looking’. This gives the impression that her clothes are ageing which links with her isolation from the rest of the funeral party as she isn’t dressed in the most up to date formal funeral wear. She is also said to have a ‘terrible wasting disease’ and the ‘thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained across her bones’. Also Arthur says she had a ‘blue-white sheen’ on her skin. All three quotes suggest a ghostly looking character. This links to other ghostly descriptions of the woman including ‘Eyes seemed sunken back into her head’.The quote ‘thinnest layer of flesh†¦across her bones’ links to the quote ‘a victim of starvation’ because if someone has been starved then you can see the shape of their bones. However, to create contrast, Arthur Kipps shows sympathy for the woman when he says ‘some lingering hint, of a not inconsiderable former beauty’ and ‘I bent my head and prayed †¦for the soul of that lonely old woman. ’ Her skin is described as being ‘extremely pale, even more than a contrast with the blackness of her garments could account for.’This shows that the contrast between the colour of her skin and her dress is completely different l inking her to the theme of contrast in the novel. Twice in this section of the story, Arthur notes the movement of the woman when he hears ‘some slight rustle behind (him)’ and the same again later on with a ‘slight rustle of clothing. ’ The use of small sounds to show her movement creates suspense as the reader doesn’t know if she is real or not because she is making a sound when she moves but the description of a ghostly figure contradicts that.The quote ‘on hearing some slight rustle behind me’ then links to having ‘acuteness of the senses’ and the theme of sounds in both Edgar Allan Poe novels. When the funeral congregation moves outside, Arthur describes where the woman stands. She stands ‘some yards back, beside another headstone†¦overgrown with moss. ’ This makes the reader question why the woman is looking at another headstone and not looking at the actual burial. The fact that the headstone is over grown with moss suggests that it is an old headstone but it would be hard to tell how old.This links to Arthur finding it hard to tell how old the woman is. Could it be her headstone? Finally, when we first meet any of the other characters in ‘The Woman in Black’ we are given a short description of how they look and dress, however, the Woman in Black has a considerably longer and more detailed description meaning that this character and this meeting obviously had a bigger impact on Arthur than any other character as he can quite easily recall and retell every detail of the funeral of Mrs. Drablow.

Descartes vs. Spinoza Essay

What I will do in this following paper is to discuss two very interesting philosophers, Rene Descartes and Benedictus de Spinoza. I will discuss each philosopher’s perspectives and insights on their most recognized theories and thoughts. I will then evaluate them and then give my opinion on the given topic. By doing this, I will contrast the similarities and differences between the two genius minds. By the end of the paper I will have discarded some ideas and opinions from each of the two and will have my own judgment that consists of thoughts from Spinoza, Descartes and my self put together. Themes On Descartes: Existence of God- Descartes’ View – One of the most famous and debatable theories Descartes had was his proof of the existence of God. He had for steps on the ladder to prove this. 1) Everything including our ideas has a cause. 2) We have an idea of God. 3) Nothing less than God is adequate to be the cause of our idea of God. An lastly 4) Therefore God exists. My View – Considering the fact that Descartes was a rationalist and a very religious man, you can see why he would desperately try to make sense of everything, including God. I believe his proof that he has laid out for us that God exists is false. What Descartes is trying to tell us is that our idea of God comes directly from God himself and that we cannot create something in our minds that we have not already witnessed by our senses. But I believe we can implant the idea of God in our minds without God planting it for us. Since man has been on this planet, we have been evolving. I believe our idea of God is a collection of thoughts and ideas that has evolved. Ideas such as security, peace, direction, order, separating good and evil, questions to our existence, comfort, space, answers to questions no one has. It is all these thoughts, ideas and more put together in our minds overtime that create this all mighty powerful being who knows all and is all that we call God. The U-Turn- Descartes’ View – One of the aspects Descartes strived to find was â€Å"certainty†, searching for absolute foundation. He felt in order to come across certainty; we must first doubt everything we know. To help people comprehend his idea, he created the U-Turn as a visual reference to understand. As we go down the â€Å"U† we first doubt common sense, then we doubt awake/sleep since he believes we can’t distinguish the difference. We continue to go down the â€Å"U† by doubting mathematics because there could be an â€Å"Evil Genius† that tricks us into believing something untrue. At the bottom of this U we reach the point where nothing is certain except one thing according to Descartes, which is our existence. He says â€Å"I think, therefore I am†, which means the only thing we can be certain about is our own existence. He then stops and says if we exist, then there must be a God, and this is where the U takes its turn and moves upwards. He then says if God exists he would not deceive us because he is all loving and caring, therefore we have no reason to doubt mathematics, followed by ourselves (body/mind) and lastly we can then be certain about the physical world, no need to doubt it. My View – I find this to be an interesting concept that Descartes has formulated in his mind, one that is most definitely worth thinking about and taking into consideration. But in my point of view, there is a break in his chain. From the moment he mentions we doubt being awake and asleep is where I think his U-Turn collapses. Descartes says we can not distinguish the difference between the two, but that’s only true to a certain point. As humans we have logic, common sense and we are aware of most of the knowledge we obtain. We know that we live a life every day and that we need rest every night; and we know that sleeping is a form of rest which sometimes includes bizarre, twisted, chaotic scenarios which we call dreams or nightmares. The argument he made on this segment of his U-Turn concept was only half true. He was right on the fact that we can not distinguish the difference when in a dream state but wrong on the idea that same goes for when we are awake. As human begins we may not be able to have any reasoning, logic or understand the fact that we are dreaming but when we are not dreaming we can logically know we are awake and be able to know the difference between awake/sleep which means we don’t have to doubt common sense or mathematics anymore. If this is the case then Descartes U-Turn theory is wrong and the idea that the only thing we can be â€Å"certain† about is our own existence is false. Themes On Spinoza: Conception of God- Spinoza’s’ View – Spinoza went on a whole different direction when it came to God. Up to his point in time most people believed in a transcendent God, this meant that they believed in a personal God that was all loving, caring and would not deceive us human beings. People would prey to this personal God for various things like comfort and security, but Spinoza had his own belief. His conception was quite different from that of anyone else. His conception of God was non-personal (Non- Transcendent) and was the totality of everything that is immanent. He explained that our infinite Universe is one that has no outside and is also one big web where everything in it is connected. What he is basically trying to say is that God=Nature, God is the totality of everything that is. My View – Spinoza’s conception of God is quite absurd. There may or may not be a God but if there is, it is definitely not the totality of everything that is. The meaning of God is a higher supreme being that would have a higher consciousness than humans. There is a difference between nature and God. I feel nature is more on the lines of what he is trying to say but uses the word â€Å"God†. God can not be everything that is because then that would mean we are part of the make up of God and that is absurd. How can everything in the universe that has no conception of God be a part of God? His thoughts and ideas on this subject don’t add up in the end and don’t seem like an acceptable solution to the questions revolving around â€Å"God†. Ethics: On Interconnected Self- Spinoza’s’ View – Spinoza said that freedom of choice is an illusion and that everything that happens is part of a necessary order witch is completely rational. My View – If freedom of choice is an illusion and everything is already set to happen before it occurs†¦then why are we making choices in the first place? I believe we do have freedom of choice and that we set our own destiny. Everything will be set but is not set yet. We must make choices and decisions to get to where we want to or do not want to. This can be compared to a video game, the programmer and the player. The programmer sets al these scenarios, levels, obstacles, directions and gives the gamer various choices to make. The player goes through these obstacles, and makes choices where many possibilities are presented to him/her. Ultimately the game will finish one way or the other with the choices that the player makes. All these various different possibilities were laid out (each which had its own outcome) but the player made the decision to get to where he/she is now. Overall Comparison: After taking in everything these two philosophers have presented and evaluating their ideas, I have come up with my own thoughts. I believe Descartes had a much more reasonable and acceptable point of view than Spinoza. Descartes thoughts and concepts were easier to understand and coupe with. I disagree a lot with both of the two but my mind has a greater understanding of Descartes perspective. Spinoza was so special in his own way because of his unique ideas but his concepts on God and ethics seemed to far fetch. Descartes seemed to be on a perfect track until he took a couple things too far like God, trying to prove his existence. If we are to gain knowledge through sense experience then technically we have no knowledge of God, jus a compound of thoughts and ideas to create such a being. Overall I like Descartes philosophical way of thinking more than any other philosopher and feel we can learn a lot from him including helping ourselves to think in a more abstract philosophical manner. Sources Of Information: 1) A History of Western Philosophy : Hobbes to Hume (Second Edition) 2) individual. utoronto. ca/mtlin/god. pdf 3) www. utm. edu/research/iep/s/spinoza. htm 4) http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/Mind/17th. html 5) www. trincoll. edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/descartes. html 6) www. connect. net/ron/descartes. html.

Discussion about the Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion about the Apple - Research Paper Example However, it must also be noted that Apple Inc. seeks to manage the supply and demand of their products by only producing a certain level of initial offerings as a means of stirring up a greater level of interest and support among potential clients. The firm has determined that it is more profitable to encourage individuals with an understanding that the exclusivity of the product in its entry phase is part of the overall appeal. Lastly, with regards to how the US government impacts upon a company such as Apple, it can be said that the relatively high levels of taxation that exist within the United States in conjunction with the exponentially higher labor costs have encouraged Apple to seek out third-party nations to assemble and partially developed their products. Although the ethics of this remaining question, the role and extent to which the United States government has acted in encouraging firms such as Apple to seek out the highest level of profitability possible is measurable in such a

How surroundings effect people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How surroundings effect people - Essay Example The setting of the story is along an Ecuadorian river where Dillard is staying alongside some Americans and guides from Ecuador. In the second book; â€Å"Our Animal rights by † Anna Quindlen, the writer is writing to express dissatisfaction about people having entered the animal habit and displacing them, just to find settlement and a place to live. The issue here is does it mean that people should always displace animals from their original habitat whenever they increase in number? According to the two pieces of art, I think that people should always learn to adapt to the surrounding that prevail in their environment. There should be peaceful co-existence between animals and people. Both parties can be of mutual help if the relationship between them is well understood and taken good care of. Dillard tries to persuade people to believe that the jungle can offer best opportunities for exploration. The jungle has a lot of adventures that people can enjoy as they take adventure, he points that every year, there are many toddlers that are eaten by the mighty and powerful anacondas but that alone doesn’t make the jungle a place not good for human survival. When people live in the environment, they are able to devise ways of peacefully co-existing with animals. The main point of attention is the attractiveness within the forest. We have a 430 pound fish trapped from the river water. This is just an example of how adventures and economical living in the jungle can be. The reader employs a rather emotional appeal just to let the readers understand that living in the jungle if not life threatening. With reference to the Napo River, she says it is a â€Å"â€Å"bowl of sweet air, a basin of greenness, and of grace, and, it would seem, of peace† (Braw 3) this kind of description is meant to show the reader that the river is kind of a something huge, wide and enormous lined with beautiful green trees. This is actually a description that would

Management Accounting Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Accounting Master - Essay Example Due to the changes taking place in the accounting field today, it is necessary to bring appropriate measures for improving the managerial accounting techniques and procedures. Obtaining adequate in formations required for the organization is the main driving force for change. For meeting the organizational goals, it is necessary to implement the relevant managerial accounting policies effectively. Increased competition requires adequate changes in the management techniques. Earlier period, management accounting was concentrated for the determination of cost, control of finance, and also to provide concentration for minimizing the wastage of resources. In addition to this, the management accountant is also responsible for the preparation of accounting statements in an effective manner. But recently, the role of management accountant is enhanced due to the changing scenario of the world of accounting. As far as an organization is taken in to consideration, management accountant is resp onsible for taking the adequate managerial decisions for the future running of the entity. Management accountant is one who should possess thorough knowledge about the relevant aspects of the enterprise as a whole. The concept of accounting point of view of both management and financial accounting is not at all similar. The MIS (Management Information System) is very crucial in recent days. "MIS (management information systems) is a general term for the computer systems in an enterprise that provide information about its business operations. It's also used to refer to the people who manage these systems." (Moore 2007). For the purpose of mitigating the existing difficulties associated with the concept of managerial accounting and its principles and policies, it is necessary to undertake effective implementation strategy and also to undertake the reinvention of management accountants. The organizational customs and its environmental factors are also effecting this reinvention to certain extend. Management accounting principles and its applications are fundamental for the preparation of financial statements and report to the entity for taking appropriate future decisions. Management accounting is highly concentrating for taking the most relevant decision required within the organization, and it is necessary to obtain the proper information about the entity for taking decisions, and such information should be more accurate in nature. MIS is a significant concept, because it is possible to undertake the business operations more effectively through this system. So, major factors responsible for changes in the management information system are- Changes take place in the economy. Awareness about global competition. Emergence of recent innovative measures and technology. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the changes in the organization in an effective manner for taking the prominent decision which may affect the performance of the entity in future. Implementation of strategic management accounting tools are also effective for this. So, the effective installation of the MIS is important for the adequate functioning of an entity. It is very essential to maintain and develop a proper accounting theory for the proper implementation of accounting procedures and the effective reporting of

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Strategy - Essay Example In 1993 Samsung launched SH-700 which was a smaller and sleeker mobile phone with better sound quality. Moreover, Samsung Mobile also got into aggressive marketing, so it captured half of the mobile market share, which was previously ruled by Motorola. Organizational Culture Samsung follows a simple philosophy to devote their technology and talent in order to create better-quality products and services. They prefer to hire skilled workforce and bright talents around the world; and offer them all the resources that they require to utilize their skills. Samsung follows a strict code of value in the organization. Firstly, they comply with the ethical standards and the laws; secondly, customers are always respected; thirdly a clean organization culture is followed; fourthly, focus towards cresting eco-friendly and healthy products have been always there and lastly, the company is always socially responsible for the society. Creativity, hard-work and intelligence are valued at Samsung (Sa msung, 2011). Success Factors Samsung is successful because of three major factors, namely design, technology and branding. The company invests heavily in research and development activities in digital technology, by employing scientists around the world. The LCD, plasma display, innovative cell phones, voice recognition technology, speech converted into text technology are a few developments that the Samsung labs have offered to the world. It is also a world leader in production of memory chips, and the creator of the first 1 megabit chip in the world. Samsung is also the largest producer of SRAM and DRAM chips in the world. The Galaxy S series is the turning point for Samsung Mobile because it has given stiff competition to the market leader in the smart phone segment, Apple Inc. This is the reason why this product has been chosen for this study. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS In this section, the critical success factors of Samsung would be discussed in details in order to evaluate the competencies of Samsung in terms of its product range, strategic capabilities, new products and competitor analysis. Product Range This study would focus on the Samsung Galaxy brand mobile, as the company entered the smart phone market with Galaxy brand to compete with market leaders such as Motorola, Nokia, Apple, HTC, and others. Samsung expanded the product portfolio under the Galaxy brand name. Under the product line of Galaxy, Samsung launched Galaxy S, Galaxy S II & S III, Galaxy Note I, II, Galaxy Tab, Galaxy Ace, and Galaxy Nexus. The Galaxy S series was launched to directly compete with Apple’s IPhones. Samsung Galaxy S series supports the Android operating system, which is another competence that has given stiff competition to Nokia which uses Symbian and Windows operating system, while Apple uses iOS. Strategic Capabilities The Galaxy S series is a reflection of enhanced design and technology of Samsung. The new Samsung Galaxy S III has been launched with the new version of the Android platform called Jelly Beans. This means that the strategy of Samsung is to bring out the most innovative technology in the market through its

Who Benefits from College Pressures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who Benefits from College Pressures - Essay Example Those were: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure and self-induced pressure. For sure, those pressures haven’t become weaker today. Students differ, yet there have always been those highly motivated ones, doing their best in attempt to satisfy and exceed high academic standards. This group enhances college pressure, spreading it upon the rest of students. Young people all over the country courageously struggle through academic years gritting their teeth and suppressing their natural inclinations. All these sacrifices are done in the name of the golden calf and absurd ideas. However, it stays unclear, who benefits from this race. College pressures do more harm than good. Economic and parental pressures, being interrelated, are the major sources of students’ uneasiness. Today the USA goes through difficult economic conditions. Life is expensive and the competition in the society is as high as it has never been before. It is easy to get frightened about your future. Loving parents dream of the success of their children. They are ready to assist in achieving this success. Certainly, they expect their offspring to be grateful for this assistance, thus placing a heavy burden on the youth striving for freedom and self-realization. The puzzle seems simple: having graduated from a prestigious college and having got a prestigious profession, one finds himself on the top of life (or at least somewhere near it). Education costs ever more, and the young people, who are enrolled, feel an obligation to their parents. Many of them pursue the career chosen by their parents, while their own vocation is rejected as non-beneficial. Abandoned dreams do not disapp ear without leaving a trace. They continue disturbing one’s imagination and spirit. As the result, students follow the path chosen by others, feeling deeply unhappy and discontented. They realize that something is wrong but often cannot admit that they are lying to themselves.  Ã‚  

Environmental Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Racism - Essay Example It is because their focus is not on clean air and water. They get it by default hence consider other important areas for grooming. On the other hand, deprived people strongly emphasize on physiological needs and tend to ignore other social and self esteem needs. Environmental racism is a reality because it is mainly the poor economic conditions which force the people to live in unhygienic conditions. It is the responsibility of government to ensure healthy lifestyle for all the citizens. The provision of clean air and water, hygienic food, safe and healthy environment is the right of every individual. Another important point in this regard is related to pollution control so that risk of environmental racism can be mitigated. In most of the countries, garbage is burnt to dispose it off. The toxic chemicals from industries are thrown in the water resources. These practices should be combated so that just (Westra, 2012) and fair environment can be enjoyed by

The Contributions of Greeks and Arabs to Mathematics Essay Example for Free

The Contributions of Greeks and Arabs to Mathematics Essay The Greeks are one of the historical groups that contributed mostly to civilization. They have contributions in science, philosophy, and many other important fields like mathematics. It was when Greece started to consider mathematics as a science when the people of ancient Egypt and Babylon went to Greece for trade. However, although the Greeks have much contributions in mathematics, their discoveries regarding math were not recorded immediately rather spread through word of mouth. That is why Thales and Pythagoras did not have written texts about their work. Other Greeks namely Proclus and Eudemus just did a summary of the work of Pythagoras and Thales (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Early Greek Mathematics Thales is the one responsible for the theorem that says â€Å"any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle†. This is very important and is very useful in the field of Geometry. Aside from his theorem about the right angles in a semicircle, he was also said to have measured the height of the pyramids just by measuring their shadows using a stick. Another thing that made Thales famous is the fact that, although the Egyptians and Babylonians brought the idea of mathematics to Greece, he was able to organize these ideas rationally (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Thales is also the one responsible for practicing geometry in everyday life since it is normally used at that time just for the sole reason of measurement. Because of this, other Greeks have been encouraged to follow what Thales had started. They are Pythagoras and Plato (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Pythagoras is not just a mathematician but also a man of astronomy and religion and that’s what made him famous that time. In fact, he founded a school in which the members are called Pythagoreans that would soon study about discoveries and new ideas in mathematics, astronomy and philosophy (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Talking about the contributions of Pythagoras to math, he was the one who introduced that the sum of angles of a triangle was half the central angle of a circle. Also, he proved that the plane space around a point could be divided into six equilateral triangles, four squares or three regular hexagons (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). But we all know that these are not the most famous works of Pythagoras. Every student today in secondary school knows the Pythagorean Theorem which states that the sum of the squares of the shorter sides of a right triangle is equal to the square of the third side. There is no doubt that this is one of the most useful theorems in mathematics today. The Pythagorean had been used in proving several other theorems in geometry and trigonometry. However, although this is one of the most famous works of Pythagoras, there were some reports that tracked down the Pythagorean Theorem to the Babylonians and that Pythagoras is the only one who provided proof to the theorem. Although this is the only visible work of Pythagoras today, his followers, the Pythagoreans are the ones who introduced the use of mathematics in religion, nature, etc (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). These Pythagoreans are responsible for the development of modern geometry. Hippocrates is one of them who studied about the quadrilateral. Another one is Hippias, the one who discovered the quadratrix which was the first curve that could be defined but could not be constructed with a straightedge and compass. The dodecahedron which was discovered by a Pythagorean named Hippasus is a regular polyhedron that consists of twelve faces. Another contribution of Greeks in geometry is the fact that there is a relationship between the volume of a cone and a cylinder with equal base and height. This was discovered by Democritus who also computed for the volume of the Egyptian pyramids. It is also the discovery of the Greeks that concerns integral calculus which s attributed as the method of reduction. This method involves increasing the number of sides of a rectilinear figure to approximate it to the area of a curvilinear figure (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Although Plato is a very famous Greek philosopher, he also has his fair share in ancient Greek mathematics. However, it started with his mentors first. Theodorus, his teacher in Athens, proved that the square roots of non-square integers from 3 to 17 are irrational. Eudoxus is the one responsible for the fame of ratio and proportion in mathematics because of his book. Menaechmus, on the other hand, is credited for the properties of conics. Aristotle (which was said to be Plato’s brightest student), has a book on indivisible lines and mechanics. Euclid, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time wrote a book consisting of all known mathematical knowledge which became famous for its being simple and logical. Last but not the least is Archimedes who contributed many important mathematical concepts. He was the one who discovered the concept of buoyancy and was also the one who was known for setting ships on fore using only a mirror and the sun’s rays. Aside from these discoveries, his works also consist of summation of squares of consecutive numbers, cubic equations, and solving for the area of a parabolic segment. He also proved that the volume of a sphere is one-third the volume of a cylinder with the same radius and height, and that the surface area of a sphere is four times the area of its greatest circle (Greece: Mathematics, 2001). Contribution of Arabs to mathematics If the Greeks are the ones responsible for geometry and trigonometry, they are very famous for the numerals and numbers. The Arabs are responsible for writing numerals from right to left. The Arabs also introduced the number zero. It was introduced by Muhammad Bin Ahmad. When zero was discovered, many disregarded it as important in the field of mathematics yet zero enabled many mathematics scholars to derive several laws and theorems that we are using right now. If the Greeks focused mostly on geometry such as plane figures and curvilinear figures, the Arabs managed to solve Algebraic problems using arithmetic methods. The also have their fair share when it comes to the concept of fractions (Arab contributions to mathematics and the introduction of the Zero, 1998). An Arab known as al-Khawarzmi is responsible for solving linear and quadratic equations in algebra. Aside from that, he also provided the geometrical methods of solving these equations. He was also the one who discovered that second degree equations have two roots. Because of his great contributions to algebra, it reported that the word algebra was named after him because he is considered as the father of Algebra in Arab mathematics. He is also the one who discovered geometric methods for completing the square (Drakos, 1996). With his methods, no symbols were used and no zero and negative coefficients were allowed. He is also the one who discovered the name algorithm (Arab contributions to mathematics and the introduction of the Zero, 1998). Because of these people, the Arabs learned to perfect geometrical algebra and they were also able to solve equations up to the fourth degree. Another Arab is Abul Wafa which made contributions about the polyhedral theory. Aside from that, he is also famous for his use of the tangent function and the discovery of the tables of sines and tangents. What was really amazing about him is his discovery of these things using the orbit of the moon! His trigonometric tables were accurate up to eight decimal places while Ptolemy’s were only accurate up to three places (Drakos, 1996). Another great Arab mathematician is Al-Karaki who wrote books regarding arithmetic and algebra. The Arabs also continued the Greeks’ studies about conics and developed the geometry of conic sections. Al Tusi discovered that trigonometry should be separated from trigonometry which opposes Euclid’s theory of parallels. Because of his discovery, he could be considered as the founder of non-Euclidian geometry (Arab contributions to mathematics and the introduction of the Zero, 1998). Abu lHasan al-Uqlidisi has his contributions in algorithm in multiplication and decimal fractions. Al Hasib is famous for his works in integer solutions. He also solved for the solutions of fourth degree equations and was able to solve for quadratic equations with irrational coefficients. Al Hasib is sometimes known as Abu Kamil. What made Abu Kamil famous is his knowledge about irrational coefficients which were not used by the famous Al Khwarizmi. Abu Bakr al-Karaji is also one of the Arab mathematicians which discovered the numerical solutions to the equations of the form . Omar Khayyam, another mathematician as well as poet is concerned about cubic equations and studied on parabolas and circles. Al Kashi is also an Aras which contributed to a very important concept of . He calculated its value up to 16 decimal places (Drakos, 1996).

Romeo and Juliet †Literary Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet – Literary Paragraph Essay In Romeo and Juliet, each character has a specific role and for the main character, Romeo, seems to be the one who changes the most. Romeo changes throughout the play as he is constantly become mature. As Romeo’s thoughts, feelings and actions have revealed his great changes among all other characters. According to the play, Romeo presented three palpable changes as the followings, he gets over Rosaline right after meeting Juliet, his hatred towards Tybalt changes into love back and forth, and he forgets about his desire to die right after receiving the message from Nurse. These changes made Romeo’s character even more important and appealing, which presented the love, hatred and violence of play. Firstly, Romeo changes the most because he quickly gets over Rosaline right after meeting Juliet in the first Act. Romeo is first presented as a lovesick boy who is greatly depressed about Rosaline’s refusals. But then, after Romeo encounters Juliet in the Capulet’s party, he apparently forgets about Rosaline and falls in love with Juliet. Meanwhile his mood changes from vulnerable to excited and confident, this has shown that Romeo is quite fickle and immature in love. For example, in the play when Romeo first sees Rosaline in the party he mutters â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight!/ For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night.† (I. v. 52-53). He completely forgets about Rosaline that he loved so much before and how fast he falls in love with Juliet at first sight. Also, in the play when Romeo leaves Juliet’s balcony to Friar Lawrence place, he informs Friar Lawrence about his plan for marring Juliet, â€Å"With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No!/ I have forgot that name, and that name woe.† (II. iii. 46-47). Romeo even forgets Rosaline’s name with the sorrow she brings him. Indeed, Romeo is becoming positive and enthusiastic about love again while he gets over Rosaline after meeting Juliet. Soon, Romeo’s love changes to hatred easily. Secondly, Romeo changes the most as his hatred towards Tybalt changes into love back and forth. Regarding Romeo marries Juliet and his love grows deeper than anyone, he becomes more pleasing in front of Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt. For example, although Tybalt tries to draw Romeo into a fight, Romeo convinces him that he loves him as he has secretly become one of his family members by marrying Juliet, â€Å"Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee,/ Doth much excuse the appertaining rage/ To such greeting. Villain am I none;/ Therefore farewell; I see you don’t really know me.† (III. I. 58-61). Since Romeo marries Juliet, he loves Tybalt as a family of Juliet’s and that helps him overcome the anger he should really feels from Tybalt’s insults. However, Tybalt kills Mercutio ultimately and that makes Romeo become really angry. Therefore, Romeo’s hatred exceeds his love towards Tybalt again as he rea lizes Mercutio dies and he declared, Away to heaven, respective lenity, And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now! Now, Tybalt, take the â€Å"villain† back again That late thou gav’st me; for Mercutio’s soul Is but a little way above our heads, Staying for thine to keep him company. Either thou, or I, or both, must go with him.† (III. i. 199-126). Romeo loses his temper and looks for revenge for his friend, Mercutio. After he killed Tybalt, he is banished from Verona by Prince Escalus. In this situation, he has completely changed his love to hatred and this also portrayed Romeo’s impulsive and bad temper character. Therefore, Romeo’s hatred towards Tybalt changes into love back and forth made him the character who changes the most throughout the play. Yet his banishment leads him to a great emotion change afterwards. Lastly, nevertheless Romeo changes from desiring of death into being statisfy and forgets about his mind after receiving Nurse’s message. Thus Romeo realizes banishment might keeps him and Juliet apart from each other, he wishes to be dead instead and he tries to stab himself. Moreover, in the play when Nurse brings Juliet’s ring to Friar Lawrence’s place for Romeo, Romeo forgets about the grief and tears from recieving banishment and becomes comforted right away. â€Å"How well my comfort is reviv’d by this† (III. iii. 169) Romeo is greatly satisfied by the ring that Nurse gave him. In addition, in the novel play when Friar Lawrence suggests Romeo should do what his marriage decrees him to do, to climb to her room to comfort her and stays with her the night, Romeo revived and being confident again. Romeo says â€Å" But that a joy past joy calls out on me,/ It were a grief, so brief to part with thee.† (III. iii. 177-178), meaning that this idea, this joy surpasses all any other happiness, which would be sad if he misses and leaves Juliet so quickly. From this scene, capricious of Romeo’s character is seen once again, also it illustrated his great emotion change in the play. For this reason, Romeo changes the most throughout the play. In conclusion, no doubt that the character who changes the most throughout the play Romeo and Juliet is Romeo because of his great emotional and physical changes from getting over Rosaline right after meeting Juliet, changing his hatred into love towards Tybalt back and forth, and forgetting about his desire to die right after receiving the message from Nurse. Believing that this is also how Romeo as a main character in a romantic and tragic play is developed, becoming a strong man from being a â€Å"lost† man, to a revived man all by love and passion.

Managament Of Innovation And Technology Marketing Essay

Managament Of Innovation And Technology Marketing Essay Entering a market early has several advantages such as being capable to establish brand loyalty and technological leadership by learning effects and long-lived reputation; seizure of scarce assets by obtaining key locations; government permits; access to distribution channels and closer relationships with suppliers; taking advantage of buyer switching costs by using customers reluctance in switching to a more technologic product or service due to its complexity and unfamiliarity; reaping increasing returns advantages by utilizing self-reinforcing positive feedback mechanisms. (Schilling, 2010, p.93-95) However, there are some advantages to entering a market late such as benefitting from the ride-effect which enables late entrant to utilize first-mover firms research and development investments; capitalizing established-suppliers, existing distribution channels, and consumers familiarity to the technology; ability of ensuring the market to be more certain by more effectively estimatin g and determining customer expectations and demands; exploiting incumbent inertia by more easily adopting the new technologies and their required production processes. In terms of considering these advantages, late entrants can surpass first movers although there are a lot of advantages of entering a market early. (Schilling, 2010, p.95-96) Name a successful (a) first mover, (b) early follower, (c) late entrant. Identify unsuccessful examples of each? Successful example of first mover: Polaroid Instant camera Unsuccessful example of first mover: Kodak 8-mm Video Camera Successful example of early follower: Samsung Microwave Unsuccessful example of early follower: Intel Microprocessors Successful example of late entrant: Palm Computing PDA Unsuccessful example of late entrant: Dvorak Keyboard (Schilling, 2010, p.98) What factors might make some industries harder to pioneer than others? Are there industries in which there is no penalty for late entry? Limited existence of natural resources, suppliers, complementary goods, distribution channels, and installed base; requirement of the most advanced technologies; establishing consumer awareness and familiarity of the newest technology; uncertainty and ambiguity of customer preference and desirability; high threat of competitive entry into the market are some remarkable factors that might make some industries harder to pioneer than others. Exceptionally, when there are industries in which a unique firm has capability to produce an unduplicated product or service, this firm can enter the market whenever it wants. Namely, there is no penalty for later entry into such industries. Hydrogen-powered automobiles can be considered as a good example of such an industry. (Schilling, 2010, p.99-102) Chapter 5 Case Questions Why did most of the early PDA companies fail, even if they had innovative and sophisticated product designs? Despite of having innovative and sophisticated product designs, most of the early PDA companies fail because of some critical factors such as running out of money and funds; having insufficient complementary goods, suppliers and distribution channels; having a narrow installed base; due to lack of advanced and enabling technologies, facing difficulties in terms of developing memory capacity, process power, modem size, battery life and size, software products; lack of awareness of PDAs functions. (Schilling, 2010, p.90) Could early PDA companies have done anything differently to survive? Early PDA companies underestimated the sales volume as well as the cost of PDAs process and production that is why they encountered financial difficulties to afford and execute their projects as a result most of PDA companies ran out of money. However, some companies like Sharp and Casio were differently focused on more specialized devices and vertical markets. By doing so, these companies could survive and kept operating. (Schilling, 2010, p.90-91) From my point of view, the best and most logical thing that early and failed PDA companies could have done was to apply merger and acquisitions strategies in order to create more financial resources, more complementary goods, more distribution channels, and larger installed base so as to sustainably carry out their projects and accomplish their short-term and long-term goals. Why was Palm successful where so many others had failed? As a late entrant and observer, accurately assessing and estimating its target market; preventing to do the same mistakes the early PDA companies did; properly determining and defining the desirability of consumers from the product; producing a cost-efficient and straightforward product design were key elements ensured Palm to be successful.(Schilling, 2010, p.91) Was being late to the smart phone market a disadvantage for Apple? What factors enabled Apple to successfully enter when it did? As an overall evaluation, I do not think that being late to the smart phone market was a disadvantage for Apple because Apple benefitted from previous operations and advancements with regard to appropriately linking to complementary goods and enabling technologies in the smart phone market. Furthermore, producing a smart phone with an aerodynamic interface and elegant design, providing additional features like taking pictures and downloading music also contributed to Apples achievement. In conclusion, all these factors enabled Apple to successfully enter and operate in the smart phone market despite of being late. (Schilling, 2010, p.92) Are there increasing returns in the smart phone market? Is it likely to eventually pick a single operating system as the dominant design? According to me, it is obvious that there are increasing returns in the smart phone market because two principal sources of increasing returns; learning effects and network externalities are continuously being improved and advanced. If we look at today, there is a great competition between Apple and Samsung in the smart phone market. Almost all software products and mobile applications are predominantly designed and produced to be compatible to these companies smart phones. Additionally, there is a high local and global demand for both Apple and Samsung smart phones. Therefore, I believe that smart phone market is likely to pick Apple and Samsung together as the dominant designs. Chapter 6 What is the difference between strength, a competitive advantage, and a sustainable competitive advantage? Strength is considered as a firms resources and adequacies that provide a firm competitive advantage. However, competitive advantage is firms power and capability to beat and surpass its competitors by using its strengths. Eventually, sustainable competitive advantage refers a firms scarce, unduplicated, precious, constant, and long-standing resources enabling it to continuously outperform its competitor for a long period of time. (Schilling, 2010, p.119) What makes an ability (or set of abilities) a core competency? According to the model of Prahalad and Hamel, abilitys power to provide superiority in strategic differentiation; effective combination and coherence of numerous initial abilities; abilitys additive to increasing product value and perceived customer value; abilitys strength to foster a firms flexibility and configuration to changes and new improvements; abilitys sufficiency to contain series of different organizations; abilitys inimitable mechanism and structure are key factors that convert an ability into a core competency.(Schilling, 2010, p.122-123) Why is it necessary to perform an external and internal analysis before the firm can identify its true competencies? As Gallon and his research fellows suggest, building specific goal-oriented teams; establishing an elaborate and detailed set of capabilities; assigning the significance, power, and value of capabilities for a firm; analysis and evaluation of each competencies in respect to providing a competitive advantage and effective fulfillment of market needs; finding key competencies to be empowered and improved so as to provide a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors are critical steps in order a firm to accurately identify its competencies and accomplish its organizational goals. Hence, performing an external and internal analysis is essential and necessary. (Schilling, 2010, p.125) Pick a company you are familiar with. Can you identify some of its core competencies? I would like to evaluate and identify Apples core competencies as a familiar and popular company. Basically, Apples core competencies are highly focusing on innovation; considerably investing in research and development; creating elegant and aerodynamic designs; manufacturing various multifunctional products such as IMac, IPhone, IPAD, IPod; large installed base and availability of complementary goods; high brand recognition and loyalty; efficiently addressing its target market; successfully exhibiting its products and training its customers through Apple Stores. How is the idea of strategic intent different from models of strategy that emphasizes achieving a fit between the firms strategies and its current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)? The main difference between strategic intent and SWOT is their time perspective in terms of executing objectives and accomplishing goals. In this context, strategic intent has a future and long-term perspective (approximately 10 to 20 years). In essence, strategic intents core consideration is to ensure overall organization to focus on estimating future market demand, enhancing and improving its existing core competencies in order to fulfill the future market demand. On the other hand, SWOT has a short-term perspective in carrying out objectives and achieving the organizational success. In the light of this, SWOT is fundamentally focuses on current data and information such as current competencies, current market demand and meeting this demand. (Schilling, 2010, p.125-127) Can a strategic intent be too ambitious? Although strategic intent focuses on achieving future goals, it should not overlook current condition of the firm in respect to determining and establishing future plans and goals. In this context, if a firm has inadequate capabilities and resources to allow a transition between its current position and aimed future position, strategic intent can be considered too ambitious. (Schilling, 2010, p.127) Chapter 6 Case Questions How does Genzymes focus on orphan drugs affect the degree of competition it faces? How does it affect the bargaining power of customers? Genzymes focus on orphan drugs positively affects the degree of competition it faces, namely taking this action ensured Genzyme to lead competition in the market. There were several factors that weaken the competition. Initially, Genzymes competitors were quite reluctant focusing on orphan drugs due to its low demand and small market. Subsequently, Genzyme benefited from FDAs regulation and law which indicates that if a firm gets a patent and approval for an orphan drug, its drug gets a market exclusivity and protection from competition for seven years. As a result, there was no threat of potential entrants or existing rivalry at least for seven years, thus Genzyme remained powerful in the market. In addition to this, manufacturing and supplying a scarce and limited drug to relieve the pain of a particular illness induced patients not to have another choice except purchasing this drug. Therefore, Genzyme enhanced its bargaining power as a supplier whereas customers stayed with less b argaining power. (Schilling, 2010, p.110) How does focusing on orphan drugs affect the types of resources and capabilities a biotech firm needs to be successful? Focusing on orphan drugs requires a biotech firm to use the existing resources and capabilities predominantly related to producing orphan drugs rather than generally providing benefit to the medical environment so as to be successful in its commitment. Therefore, such a biotech firm should highly invest in research and development. Furthermore, such a firm should independently operate with limited and adequate employees in its own production, sales, and testing facilities so as to have higher profits and lower costs, correspondingly to be successful. Overall, I think, in this particular case focusing on orphan drugs has a positive effect in respect to more productively using the existing resources and capabilities. (Schilling, 2010, p.111) Does Genzymes focus on orphan drugs make sense? Do you think Genzyme has a long-term strategic intent? Genzymes focus on orphan drugs makes sense in terms of struggling to provide a medical treatment to rare diseases and illnesses. Accordingly, aiming to be highly profitable in this lowly competitive market also makes sense for Genzymes focus on orphan drugs. In my opinion, Genzyme demonstrated that it has a long-term strategic intent by dividing its businesses in different areas of medicine, and spreading its power to be dominant and leader in the market. (Schilling, 2010, p.113) Why do you think Genzyme has diversified into other areas of medicine? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this? I think, Genzyme has diversified into other areas of medicine in order to develop and advance its solutions to more diseases; capture more market share; reinforce and enhance its competitive advantage; profitability and sustainability; dominate the biotech market with its effective approaches to the critical medical issues. Despite of these pluses, it is inevitable for Genzyme to face more research and development costs to estimate and assess future solutions to diseases. What recommendations would you offer Genzyme for the future? I would offer Genzyme to maintain and sustain its diversified organizational structure so as to come up with new drugs for various diseases. By doing so, it can also foster and raise its profitability. However, diversifying and spreading its power to different medicine areas requires Genzyme to put more effort into developing, manufacturing, marketing, and selling operations so as to achieve the success. In this context, I think, Genzyme should only use this effort in creating and developing new drugs, namely it should pay less attention to the manufacturing, marketing, and selling processes by considering strategically established collaborations. By doing so, Genzyme can advance its core competencies and operational effectiveness in each medicine area it performs correspondingly it can considerably increase its profits.

Exploration of Mortality, Sexuality, and Humanity in Ferris Beach :: McCorkle Ferris Beach Essays

Exploration of Mortality, Sexuality, and Humanity  in Ferris Beach  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the journey of life, each person experiences events, emotions, and consequences that cannot be explained. Situations do not always turn out for the best, and it is human nature to attempt to come to some type of understanding or answer as to why things are the way they are. In Ferris Beach, a bildingsroman, or the story of a girl's coming of age, Kate Burns grapples with questions of life and death as she seeks some sort of explanation for her problems. Her fight to comprehend the events in her life are shown in her exploration of mortality, sexuality, and humanity. Death is always a hard concept with which one must deal at some point in life. Kate wonders what is loose in the world and why people close to her are taken away forever in the deaths of Mo Rhodes and her father Fred. On Independence Day, the fateful beginning of the catastrophe unfolding, Kate experiences her first adult troubles. Similar to Jem and Scout Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird, Kate moves through her innocence into experience with some obvious and some inconspicuous brushes with the adult world. As she sits with Misty observing the fireworks, she senses the troubles in her best friend. I turned to Misty, ready to ask her why her parents had left, but she was sitting there hugging her knees with her head dropped back as she stared up at the sky...there was something in her silence that made me hold my question, and instead I inched over closer to her, hugged my knees, and stared up just as she was doing (McCorkle 81-82). Kate is aware that something has gone awry but she does not accurately know what the situation is. Despite the distractions of the fireworks, her father's comments, the boys fighting on the beach, and Mrs. Poole's endless chatter, Kate focuses on the most important (though silent) thing going on with Misty. The faint hint of disarray in Misty precedes Kate's reaction to Mo's death. Kate, throughout the novel, "watches" different people and, from her house, she can see into the Rhodes's and Hucks's houses. She "watches" Misty's house after Mo's car accident and comments that Misty "...looked so pale" and that the whole family "...froze like the end of a play"(McCorkle 91).

Life and works of John Steinnbeck Essay example -- biographies bio bio

John Steinbeck was probably the best author of all time. He was the winner of a Nobel Prize, and along with many other accomplishments, Steinbeck wrote twenty-five books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories during his lifetime. Seventeen of his works, including The Grapes of Wrath, Cannery Row, The Pearl, and East of Eden, went on to become Hollywood films, some appeared multiple times, as remakes. Steinbeck also had some success as a Hollywood writer, receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Story in 1944 for Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat. Many of his life experiences are shown through his novels. Someone can tell, by reading one of Steinbeck’s novels that he had been through a lot, throughout his life. Also, Steinbeck worked hard to accomplish everything that he did, during his lifetime. Nothing came easy for him, and had to earn everything on his own, and this helped him in his works. He also had the ability to write about real people and real experiences. John Steinbeck got his inspiration from his life experiences such as people he knew, and places he had spent time at. Many of Steinbeck's views of the world are shown through his novels. Some of Steinbeck’s most influential works are included in this paper and are summarized, to show how many Americans living in poverty today can relate to some of Steinbeck’s works which are also set during a recession era. Growing up in Salinas Valley, Steinbeck had the chance to spend a lot of time outdoors. His uncle used to take him on fishing trips, and spent time visiting his mother’s grand-fathers' farm near King City, it gave him a large respect for nature. Later on he became a caretaker on a large piece of land at Lake Tahoe, ... ...life experiences, events, and people which makes it easier for the reader to connect if they too had the same experiences first-hand. Although John Steinbeck has been gone for awhile, his legacy continues to thrive on Americans today. Steinbeck’s influence not only flourishes across the United States but has also been all around the world. His influnces have also attracted the attention of film production studios in which the have created movies based upon stories from Steinbeck. His legacy is also continued through high school reading, a study by the Center for the Learning and Teaching of Literature in the United States found that Of Mice and Men was one of the ten most often read books in public high and independent schools. Steinbeck has been honored in many ways having, places dedicated to him and having his name inducted into the California Hall of Fame.